The Brazilian army and the low prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in women of the military garrison of Campinas between 2017 to 2020: a prospective, cross-sectional epidemiological study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Given the characteristics of military missions, intense interpersonal contact, and wide variation in casual relationships, the military has long been recognized as a high-risk population for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of STIs and socioepidemiological profile of women in the military garrison of Campinas. DESIGN AND SETTING: This prospective, cross-sectional epidemiological study, assisted by the Health Fund in the military garrison of Campinas, assessed the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and C, syphilis, human papillomavirus (HPV), chlamydia, and gonococcus in military women or companions of soldiers with active or previously active sexual life. METHODS: This study included 647 women based on the non-inclusion criteria. They underwent clinical and laboratory tests for diagnosis of STIs. For statistical analysis, patients were divided into groups according to the presence or absence of STIs and into age groups. RESULTS: Most women were military dependents, and the majority were asymptomatic. The prevalence of STIs, in ascending order, was 0.3% for hepatitis B and C, 0.62% for syphilis, 0.62% for gonorrhea, 1.08% for chlamydia, and 2.63% for HPV. There were no cases of HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian Army has the most women-like dependents in the military, belonging to the hierarchical circle of the squares. Early onset of sexual activity favored STIs approximately twice, and younger women had approximately seven times more chlamydia infections. In the general population studied, the prevalence of STIs was lower than expected than in the armed forces of other nations.

Honores a Sir Ernest Shackleton en Sanidad Militar / Honors to Sir Ernest Shackleton in Military Health / Honras a Sir Ernest Shackleton em Saúde Militar

Ernest Shackleton ha sido en la historia, un personaje que dejó huella como ejemplo de resiliencia y liderazgo. En 1914 realizó como jefe de expedición su segundo viaje antártico, frustrado por el hundimiento de su buque insignia. La operación de rescate del grueso de la tripulación varada en el continente más meridional lo llevó a recalar en Montevideo. Desde este puerto partió el buque Instituto de Pesca N°1, con tripulación de Uruguay y Shackleton incluido, no logrando completar el salvamento. De esta acción nació el aprecio hacia la persona del explorador por parte del gobierno de la República. En su postrer travesía, ya fallecido llegó a las Islas Georgia del Sur y a su cuerpo se le realizó un proceso de conservación para ser traído a nuestro país y continuar viaje al puerto de origen en Inglaterra. Es en esa circunstancia que el gobierno del doctor Baltasar Brum solicitó a la Comisión Permanente del Parlamento, se le rindieran honores fúnebres de Ministro de Estado. El embalsamado del cuerpo fue realizado el 30 de enero de 1922, por parte de personal médico y técnico del Hospital Militar, así como los honores que le rindieron por el Servicio de Sanidad del Ejército y la Armada.

Ernest Shackleton has been in history, a character who left his mark as an example of resilience and leadership. In 1914, as expedition leader, he made his second Antarctic voyage, frustrated by the sinking of his flagship. The operation to rescue the bulk of the crew stranded on the southernmost continent led him to Montevideo. The Instituto de Pesca N°1, with Uruguayan crew and Shackleton included, departed from this port, but was unable to complete the rescue. From this action was born the appreciation of the explorer by the government of the Republic. In his last voyage, when he died, he reached the South Georgia Islands and his body underwent a preservation process to be brought to our country and continue his voyage to the port of origin in England. It is in this circumstance that the government of Dr. Baltasar Brum requested the Permanent Commission of the Parliament to pay him the funeral honors of a Minister of State. The embalming of the body was carried out on January 30, 1922, by medical and technical personnel of the Military Hospital, as well as the honors rendered by the Army and Navy Health Service.

Ernest Shackleton deixou sua marca na história como um exemplo de resiliência e liderança. Em 1914, ele fez sua segunda viagem à Antártica como líder da expedição, frustrado pelo naufrágio de seu navio principal. A operação para resgatar a maior parte da tripulação encalhada no continente mais ao sul o levou a Montevidéu. O Instituto de Pesca N°1, com tripulação do Uruguai e Shackleton incluído, partiu desse porto, mas não conseguiu concluir o resgate. Essa ação deu origem ao reconhecimento do explorador pelo governo da República. Em sua última viagem, quando morreu, chegou às Ilhas Geórgia do Sul e seu corpo foi preservado para que pudesse ser trazido ao nosso país e continuar sua viagem até o porto de origem na Inglaterra. Foi nessa circunstância que o governo do Dr. Baltasar Brum solicitou ao Comitê Permanente do Parlamento que lhe prestasse as honras fúnebres de um Ministro de Estado. O embalsamamento do corpo foi realizado em 30 de janeiro de 1922, pela equipe médica e técnica do Hospital Militar, bem como as honras prestadas a ele pelo Serviço de Saúde do Exército e da Marinha.

The construction and thinking of the online open course of Knowledge and Skills of Health Education for the Army / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Military vocational education has become one of the strategies to strengthen the military in the new era. The army urgently needs to build a number of featured online courses of military vocational education. Therefore, taking the course "Knowledge and Skills of Health Education for the Army" as an example, this paper discusses the overall construction objectives, construction ideas, teaching content, curriculum and test question bank construction of the course. In addition, this paper analyzes and summarizes the problems existing in the teaching organization, implementation, and preliminary application, so as to provide ideas and construction strategies for the construction of online open courses in other military vocational education.

El coronel Gustavo Pérez Abreu, precursor de la lucha antiepidémica en la República en Armas / Colonel Gustavo Pérez Abreu, forerunner of the epidemic fight in the Republic in Arms

RESUMEN La participación de los médicos en las guerras por la independencia de Cuba en el siglo XIX, constituye una apreciable fuente de experiencias para la medicina militar. Los valores patrióticos que los caracterizaron, son paradigmas para el trabajo educativo en la formación de las nuevas generaciones de médicos militares. Los médicos del Ejército Libertador son reconocidos por el ejercicio profesional en difíciles condiciones de campaña, ser valerosos combatientes y avezados jefes militares. Entre los que participaron en la heroica gesta independentista del 1895, se destacó el doctor Gustavo Pérez Abreu, un precursor del enfrentamiento a las enfermedades infecciosas que afectaron a las tropas insurrectas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evocar su labor como miembro de la sanidad militar y destacar su importancia como paradigma para nuevas generaciones de médicos militares. Este notable médico prestó servicios en el Estado Mayor del general Máximo Gómez Báez y fue su médico personal. Cumplió misiones en el aseguramiento de acciones combativas dirigidas por el General en Jefe. Fundó y organizó hospitales de campaña para la atención de combatientes. Al finalizar la guerra, editó su diario de campaña con el título En la guerra con Máximo Gómez, un documento testimonial y contenido patriótico, con valor didáctico para conocer mejor la historia de la lucha de los cubanos por la independencia y el desempeño de los médicos y la Sanidad Militar del Ejército Libertador.

ABSTRACT The participation of doctors in the wars for the independence of Cuba in the nineteenth century is an important source of experience in military medicine. The patriotic values that characterized them are paradigms for educational work in the formation of new generations of military doctors. The physicians of the Cuban Liberator Army are recognized for practicing under difficult conditions, being courageous combatants and skilled military leaders. Among those who participated in the heroic independence, war in 1895 was Doctor Gustavo Pérez Abreu. He is precursor to the fight against infectious diseases that affected the troops. The aim of this paper is to evoke his work as a member of the military health service and to highlight his importance as a paradigm for new generations of military doctors. The synthetic historiographies and analytical method were used. This remarkable doctor served on the General Staff of Chief General Máximo Gómez Báez and was his personal physician too. He carried out missions to ensure combat actions led by the General in Chief. He also founded and organized field hospitals for the care of combatants. At the end of the war, he edited his campaign diary. It was one testimonial and patriotic document. In addition, it great has value to understand the history of the struggle of Cubans for the independence and performance of doctors and the Military Health of the Cuban Liberator Army. In this article is exalted his magnificent service to the homeland.

Los hospitales de sangre en la segunda división del cuarto cuerpo del Ejército Libertador

RESUMEN Este artículo analiza el quehacer asistencial en los hospitales de sangre de la Segunda División del Cuarto Cuerpo del Ejército Libertador, con énfasis en su localización, estadísticas y principales procedimientos realizados en estas rudimentarias instalaciones. Está ubicado en el marco temporal de 1895-1898, en la región de Las Villas. Se sitúa en la sanidad militar mambisa de la Segunda División del Cuarto Cuerpo del Ejército Libertador, especifica que el rol de estos hospitales era atender a las tropas mambisas y mantener su vitalidad durante la guerra. Las fuentes que sustentan los argumentos y valoraciones de este trabajo, revelan que la sanidad militar mambisa y dentro de esta, los hospitales de sangre, fueron pilares fundamentales para la subsistencia del Ejército Libertador durante la contienda independentista de 1895.

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the care work in the blood hospitals of the Second Division of the Fourth Corps of the Liberation Army, with an emphasis on their location, statistics and main procedures carried out in these rudimentary facilities. It is located in the time frame of 1895 - 1898, in the Las Villas region. It is located in the Mambi military health of the Second Division of the Fourth Corps of the Liberation Army, specifying that the role of these hospitals was to attend to the Mambi troops and maintain their vitality during the war. The sources that support the arguments and evaluations of this work, reveal that the Mambi military health and within this, the blood hospitals were fundamental pillars for the survival of the Liberation Army during the independence struggle of 1895.

Trabalhando como militar-músico: subjetividade, afetos e antinomias no Exército Brasileiro / Working as a military musician: subjectivity, affections and antinomies in the Brazilian Army

O presente estudo teve como objetivo refletir acerca da experiência de trabalho no Exército Brasileiro e seus efeitos na subjetivação de militares-músicos, identificando suas estratégias de acomodação, resistência e singularização (invenção de vida) para lidarem com o modelo disciplinar e vigilante da instituição. Participaram deste estudo, de caráter qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, sete sargentos músicos, pertencentes a uma banda de música do exército de uma cidade do Rio Grande do Sul, no Brasil. Para se aproximar das experiências dos participantes, utilizou-se atécnica de grupo focal. As análises foram construídas considerando a noção de poder, especialmente a partir do referencial foucaultiano, e autores do campo das representações sociais. Foi percebida uma distinção entre ser músico ou militar músico, além de um forte sentimento de desvalorização dos militares-músicos. Concluiu-se que a música é um dispositivo importante para a saúde mental dos trabalhadores no exército, propiciando processos de resistência e a permanência em contexto militar

This study aimed to reflect on military musicians' work experience in the Brazilian Army and its effects on their subjectivity, identifying strategies of accommodation, resistance, and singularization (invention of life) to deal with the disciplinary and vigilant model of the Army. It is characterized as a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory research. In total, seven military sergeant musicians, belonging to an army music band from a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, participated in this study. We employed the focus group technique to approach participants' experiences. We built our analyses considering the notion of power, especially the Foucauldian reference, and Social Representations authors. We found a distinction between musicians and military musicians and the latter's strong feeling of devaluation. However, the pleasure of music triggers processes of resistance. We conclude that music is an important device for army workers' mental health, providing permanence and existence in a military context

Investigation of high-incidence skin diseases in the army and its application in the curriculum integration of skin diseases / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Taking the curriculum integration of skin diseases as an example, this paper summarizes the skin diseases with high incidence in the army such as acne, tinea pedis, warts, folliculitis, corns and calluses, sunburns, etc. The results have been applied to the integration of the skin disease curriculum in Air Force Medical University. During the course integration process, we integrated the courses of dermatology, plastic surgery and burn surgery together, and simplified the teaching content according to the "organ-system" orientation and features of military medical university. In the teaching process, the PBL teaching method was used to guide the students to discuss with the problems. At the end of the course, the students were assessed by tests, and the satisfaction evaluation were carried out. The results showed that the application of high incidence of skin diseases in the army in curriculum integration can help improve the teaching effect and the satisfaction of students, which will provide a certain reference for the curriculum integration reform of military medical universities.

Discussion on problems and countermeasures of military medical radiation license management / 中国辐射卫生

@#Practice in military medical radiation license management in the new era of military reform have surfaced problems in military radiation protection, involving radiation protection management regulation, occupational health monitoring for radiation workers, inspection of radiation equipment and site protection, implementation of the “Three Synchronizations System” for construction, renovation, and extension projects of radiation facilities, as well as quality control for radiation protection and diagnosis and treatment. Efforts should be focused on radiation protection training, self-management of medical radiation institutions, supervision and regulation from medical radiation license management institutions, and joint coordination of relevant departments. Under new regulations and standards, creatively conducting medical radiation license management and running the army in accordance with the law in the new era of military reform are of great significance for standardizing military radiation protection and ensuring the healthy development of military medical radiation services.

Factores de riesgo nutricionales asociados con el desarrollo de obesidad en militares / Nutritional risk factors associated with the development of obesity in military population

Resumen Introducción: La correcta alimentación de los soldados es clave para mantener la salud y el buen rendimiento, actualmente, la obesidad constituye un problema de salud pública calificada como la "epidemia del siglo". Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo nutricionales asociados al sobrepeso y obesidad en una Brigada del Ejército Mexicano. Material y métodos: Se determinó la fuerza de asociación entre los factores de riesgo nutricionales y el desarrollo de sobrepeso y obesidad. La asociación se realizó mediante X2 y OR, y la diferencia de medias con prueba Z. Resultados: Se observó diferencia entre casos y controles en consumo de calorías (z=9.34, P<0.01), proteínas (z=10.22, P<0.01), grasas (z=8.84, P<0.0) y carbohidratos (z=7.04, P<0.01). El consumo de verduras y frutas <1 vez/semana, y el de bebidas azucaradas >1 vez/semana fueron factores de riesgo para desarrollar sobrepeso y obesidad (X2=4.406; p=0.036; OR=2.1), (X2= 5.6; p=0.018; OR=2.25), (X2=7.368; p=0.007; OR=4.5), respectivamente. El no consumir la mayor cantidad de calorías en el comedor y el que la cafetería y la calle sean el sitio de mayor consumo de calorías fueron factores de riesgo (X2=14.44; p=0.000; OR=4.3), (X2=13.74; p=0.000; OR=5.56) y (X2=6.375; p=0.012; OR =4.12), respectivamente. Conclusiones: El consumo menor o igual a una vez a la semana de verduras y frutas, el consumir bebidas azucaradas más de una vez a la semana, el consumir la mayor cantidad de calorías de la cafetería y de la calle y el no consumir la mayor cantidad de calorías en el comedor fueron factores de riesgo para desarrollar sobrepeso-obesidad.

Abstract Introduction: Correctly feeding soldiers is key to maintaining health and good performance. Obesity is currently a public health problem classified as the "epidemic of the century". Objective to identify the nutritional risk factors associated with overweight and obesity in a Mexican Army Brigade. Material and methods: The strength of association between nutritional risk factors and the development of overweight and obesity was determined. The association was made using X2 and OR, and the difference in means with the Z test. Results: Different differences between cases and controls in the consumption of calories (z = 9.34, P <0.01), proteins (z = 10.22, P <0.01), fats (z = 8.84, P <0.0) and carbohydrates (z = 7.04, P <0.01). Consumption of vegetables and fruits <1 time / week and consumption of sugary drinks> 1 time / week were risk factors for developing overweight and obesity (X2 = 4,406; p = 0.036; OR = 2.1), (X2 = 5.6 ; p = 0.018; OR = 2.25), (X2 = 7.368; p = 0.007; OR = 4.5), respectively. Failure to consume the highest amount of calories in the dining room and the fact that the cafeteria and the street are the site of the highest calorie consumption were risk factors (X2 = 14.44; p = 0.000; OR = 4.3), (X2 = 13.74; p = 0.000; OR = 5.56) and (X2 = 6.375; p = 0.012; OR = 4.12), respectively. Conclusions: Consumption less than or equal to once a week of vegetables and fruits, consumption of sugary drinks more than once a week, consumption of the greatest number of calories in the cafeteria and the street and non-consumption of the greatest amount of calories in the dining room were risk factors for developing overweight-obesity.

A Modified Clinicopathological Conference as a Potential Learning Teaching Activity for Civilian and Army Medical Students and House Officers

The clinicopathological conference (CPC), a novel learning teaching activity, consciously integrates by clinical reasoning, to arrive at the final diagnosis of a selected case. This process traditionally involves case selection, presentation of the history and the clinical findings, interpretation of investigations, discussion of differential diagnoses with final diagnosis, followed by an energetic discussion of relevant aspects of the case and its management.This article discusses a modified CPC, a potentialeducational activity for undergraduate medical students and house officers in general, with its conceptual ideas based on our pilot activity,contributing to the literature of the CPCbecause it highlightsnovel aspects of discussion used and indeed plausible, in our medical school that trains both civilian and army doctors. This academic exercise, involving preclinical and clinical specialists in a multidisciplinary environment uniquely incorporates other bodies that work together for patient care in a military hospital. The discussion embraces someviewsfrom personnel in charge of social work and administrators which could be furthered,enriching the holistic learning teaching experience of all attendees.As the learning and teaching of medicine adapts to contemporary demands, sustained efforts and commitment from organizers and participants of such a discussion contributes constructively towards the advancement of medical education. The modified CPC as presented here is an innovative platform possibly emulated for flexibility of approach, content and delivery and for its potentials in the learning and teaching of young doctors and trainees

Demystifying prevalence of anemia in female spouses of army personnel in an Army’s Corps zone: A multicentric cross-sectional study

Background: Anemia is an important public health problem all over the world, both in rich and poor countries. The present study is a cross-sectional multicentric study where data from 10 different stations by 16 different medical establishments were collected. Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of anemia in female spouses of army personnel in an Army’s Corps zone. Materials and Methods: The total size of the sample was 14,273 which covered female spouses of army personnel of five different formations under an Army’s Corps zone. All the non-pregnant female spouses of army personnel were screened for anemia using hemoglobin level estimation. Uniform instructions for screening were given from the medical branch of Army’s Corps Headquarters to medical units. Results: The prevalence of anemia found in this study was 21.54% which is much below the national prevalence of 55% as per National Family Health Survey-3 data. Conclusions: Our study with a large sample size demonstrates that the prevalence of anemia in female spouses of army personnel is almost half of national prevalence. This is indeed a landmark achievement of the Army Medical Corps where success was achieved in reducing the burden of anemia.

The development of military preventive medicine of PLA in the past 70 years of China / 中华疾病控制杂志

Since the founding of the new China, military preventive medicine and health prevention workers in army closely around the military strategic approach in the different period of time, has made an important contribution in the maintenance of military health and combat effectiveness. At the same time, as an important health and epidemic force and mobile force in China, the army has actively participated in the disposal of various major public health emergencies and major pestilences outbreaks at the national and local places, and has made great achievements and set up great achievements.

Experiences of Blood Bank Performance in Brian Allgood Army Community Hospital / 대한수혈학회지

Brian Allgood Army Community Hospital (BAACH) is one of the US military General Hospitals in Korea that have blood services. The author of this paper is a civilian employee who has been working in the blood bank for 37 years. Through this experience, a difference between BAACH and the Korean Medical Center has been observed. First, BAACH performs a blood culture for the sterility test upon the receipt of platelets from the Korean Red Cross, and measures the pH at the end of allowable storage. Second, some military facilities use the Frozen Blood Program as the storage/thawing system of Deglycerolized Red Blood Cells (DRBC) and the use of DRBC. Third, most military facilities have a continuous training education program for those working in the blood bank provided by the Armed Service Blood Program.

El servicio de sanidad militar en el proceso de modernización, burocratización y profesionalización del ejército argentino (1888-1938) / The military health service in the process of modernization, bureaucratization and professionalization of the Argentine Army (1888-1938)

RESUMEN Hacia fines del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX se inició la modernización, burocratización y profesionalización del Ejército Argentino. Como resultado de ese proceso se conformaron las divisiones del Ejército, esto es, organizaciones militares autónomas entre sí, compuestas por unidades de diferentes armas, elementos de apoyo de combate y de servicios. Entre estos últimos estaba el de sanidad militar, que actuaba en las unidades operativas de los distritos militares para el reconocimiento de los ciudadanos para el Servicio Militar Obligatorio y en los hospitales militares. Este artículo tiene por objetivos: 1) caracterizar ese proceso en sus relaciones con las concepciones de la defensa, organización, funciones y despliegue territorial del Ejército; 2) analizar, en ese marco, la conformación del servicio de sanidad militar entre 1888, con la sanción de la Ley Orgánica del Cuerpo de Sanidad del Ejército y la Armada, y 1938, con los cambios en el diseño orgánico del Ejército en vísperas de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

ABSTRACT At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, a process of modernization, bureaucratization and professionalization of the Argentine Army was initiated. As a result of this process, Army divisions were formed, which are autonomous military organizations composed of units of various weapons, combat support elements and services. Included among the latter was the military health service, which acted both in the operational units of the military districts in order to incorporate citizens into the Compulsory Military Service as well as in military hospitals. This article aims to: 1) characterize this process in relation to the concepts of defense, organization, functions and territorial deployment of the Army; 2) analyze, within that framework, the formation of the military health service between 1888 -when the Organic Law of the Sanitary Corp of the Army and the Navy was sanctioned - and 1938 - when the Army's organic design was changed on the eve of the Second World War.

Determinación de las competencias profesionales del egresado de la Licenciatura en Salud Pública / Determination of the professional competences of the graduates in Public Health

Resumen Introducción En el Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicanos (FAM) no hay estudios sobre las competencias del personal profesional que se dedica a la salud pública. Objetivo Determinar si el egresado de la Escuela Militar de Oficiales de Sanidad (EMOS) posee las competencias para realizar las FESP. Material y métodos Estudio observacional, transversal y analítico. Se determinó si los egresados de la EMOS poseían las competencias necesarias para desempeñar las FESP. Se estableció la diferencia estadística entre el grupo que sí las poseía y los que no (t de Student). La comparación de diferencia estadística entre la Licenciatura en Salud Pública y Urgencias Médicas versus Maestría y Curso Técnico Especializado se realizó con una Z de proporciones. Resultados El 53.52% de los egresados de la EMOS poseían las competencias profesionales para la realización de las FESP, con diferencia estadística entre los que las poseen y los que no (t de Student 0.015). Sí existe diferencia estadística entre la Maestría versus la Licenciatura en Salud Pública (z = -2.9226); no se encontró diferencia versus el Curso Técnico Especializado en Salud Pública (z = 0.01116). Conclusiones Los egresados de la EMOS no poseen las competencias para realizar las FESP.

Abstract Introduction In the Mexican Army and Air Force (FAM) there are no studies on the competences of professional personnel dedicated to public health. Objectives To determine if the graduates of the Military School of Health Officials (EMOS) have the competences to carry out the essential public health functions (EPHF). Material and methods Observational, transversal and analytical study. It was determined if the personnel graduated from the EMOS possessed the necessary competences to perform the EPHF. The statistical difference was established between the group that did possess them and those that did not (Student's t test). The comparison of statistical difference between the degree in Public Health and Medical Emergencies versus the Master's and Specialized Technical Course was made with a Z of proportions. Results 53.52% of the graduates of the EMOS had the professional competences for the realization of the EPHF, existing statistical difference between those who possessed them and those who did not (t Student 0.015). There was a statistical difference between the Master's degree and the Degree in Public Health (z = -2.9226); there was no difference versus the Specialized Technical Course in Public Health (z = 0.01116). Conclusions Graduates of the EMOS do not have the competences to carry out the EPHF.

Pain management for combat casualty care in the United States army / 第二军医大学学报

In Afghanistan and Iraqi war, the war mortality has been greatly reduced due to the upgrading of United States medical technology and equipment and the optimization of the rapid evacuation of the wounded. With the improvement of survival rate, pain management is more important in the combat casualty care in United States army. The United States army implements a grading pain management strategy in the 5-level combat casualty care system, which may be an important reference for Chinese military. This paper reviews the current pain management for combat casualty care of United States army, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of therapeutic drugs and protocols, and highlights the enlightenment on improving pain management in Chinese military in future.

Retrospection of the new trend in nuclear events influences the learning effect of radiation medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Radiation Medicine is a required subject for the students in the military medical univer-sity at present. However, some of those students are short of a deep understanding of the importance of this curriculum, which results in the changes of their learning attitudes, the lack of the proper attention on this subject, as well as the poor teaching results because of the out-dated teaching contents, the lack of the clini-cal cases, and the compression of this course, etc. Notably, the impact of the nuclear threat on the world is deepening, and the use of nuclear energy in all fields is increasing. Therefore, it is quite necessary to carry out the medical rescue after suffering from the sudden nuclear accident or nuclear threat, especially to cope with the radiation injuries well in the future battlefield by learning this course well. Based on the new trend of the nuclear threats, the nuclear accidents and the nuclear terrorism at present, we discussed how to im-prove the enthusiasm of the students in learning this course, and to enhance their learning effect.

Crise do capital, exército industrial de reserva e precariado no Brasil contemporâneo / Crisis of the capital, industrial reserve army and precariat in contemporary Brazil

Resumo: O artigo que ora apresentamos almeja compreender, nos marcos da crise estrutural do capital e do leque de mudanças que se espraiam em todas as dimensões da vida social, como as alterações processadas no modo de produção capitalista têm modificado a forma de ser e existir da classe trabalhadora em geral e do exército industrial de reserva mais particularmente, destacando o lugar ocupado pelo que vem sendo denominado precariado nesse espaço.

Abstract: Within the structural crisis of the capital and the range of changes spreading over every dimension of the social life, this article aims at sensing how the changes processed in the capital production mode have transformed the way of being and existing of the working class in general and the industrial reserve army in particular, with emphasis on the position occupied by the so called precariat in such a situation.

Los cuerpos de la Guerra. Análisis de los procesos de construcción corporal y subjetiva en los militantes / The Bodies of War. Analysis of the Processes of Corporal and Subjective Construction in Activists

En los procesos de construcción corporal y subjetiva en el contexto del conflicto interno colombiano y, específicamente, entre los militantes del grupo guerrillero del Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN), se destaca el sentido de lo colectivo en la construcción de la corporalidad en este grupo guerrillero, estructurada en función del "cuerpo social" como ideal de su proyecto de lucha, derivado de la configuración de una subjetividad fundada en el "nosotros".

In the corporal and subjective construction in the context of the Colombian conflict, and specifically, among the militants of the guerrilla group of the National Liberation Army (ELN), the sense of the collective in the construction of the corporality in this guerrilla group stands out. Such a construction is structured on the basis of the "social body" as an ideal of their project of fight, which is derived from the configuration of subjectivity and founded in "us."